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Palauan Adjectives

The following is a brief discussion about Palauan adjectives. For a longer exploration, please refer to discussions of state verbs in the Joseph Handbooks. According to the official Lewis Joseph grammar book of Palauan, there are no Palauan parts of speech called adjectives. However, Palauan does, of course, have words used to describe other words. In English, we call these words adjectives. Examples of English adjectives are dangerous, beautiful, and hot.

Palauan Resulting State Verbs

In Palauan, words corresponding to English adjectives are called state verbs. There are several types of Palauan state verbs. The most common are resulting state verbs which occur as a result of a verb. Some examples:

Here is a list of seven random Palauan verbs and their resulting state verbs:

blitokl, v.r.s.turned around or inside out or upside down; distorted.
a
mla
See also:
chellungel, v.r.s.carried (off) on the shoulders; carrying someone or something on the shoulders.
a
mla
a
a
See also:
chelosm, v.r.s.tapped or rapped on; rung.
a
mla
er
a
See also:
telamet, v.r.s.straightened out.
a
mla
a
a
a
See also:
teluk, v.r.s.cut; measured.
a
mla
a
a
See also:
ultab, v.r.s.placed on raised surface; hindered or delayed temporarily; seated (in doorway) with legs dangling outside; sitting down for a short time.
a
mla
el
el
a
a
le
el
ak
di
er
a
e
a
See also:

 

Palauan Anticipating State Verbs

Anticipating state verbs in Palauan are like resulting state verbs. However, instead of describing the state of something after a verb has modified it, these describe the state of something before a verb is anticipated to modify it. Here's seven random Anticipating State Verbs:

ochemill, v.a.s.(fish or tapioca) is to be tied and wrapped.
See also:
ochisall, v.a.s.(new) is to be announced or told.
See also:
odmall, v.a.s.is to be made to appear.
See also:
ongtiall, v.a.s.is to be begged or asked for.
a
el
a
a
el
er
a
er
a
See also:
orretall, v.a.s.is to be made to run.
a
el
er
a
a
el
mo
a
er
a
See also:
tekiungel, v.a.s.needs to be talked to; (person) is being talked about (because of bad behavior, etc.).
a
el
mo
er
a
er
a
er
a
er
a
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tichall, v.a.s.is to be lighted or illuminated.
a
el
a
a
See also:

 

State Verbs with Related Nouns

In English, a common thing to do is to ask 'how XXXX is something,' where XXXX is an adjective. For example, 'how hot is that,' or 'how dangerous is that,' are common English expressions.

This is true in Palauan as well in a form like, 'ng uangarang a kleldelel,' which translates literally perhaps to something like, 'it is like what, its heat,' or figuratively as, 'how hot is it.' The word kleldelel is a possessed noun meaning 'its heat.' See the nouns page for a longer explanation of possessed nouns.

Many of these Palauan nouns have related state verbs which translate to, and are used as, English adjectives. Here is a list of seven random Palauan nouns along with their corresponding state verbs.

Palauan_NounEngish_NounPalauan_AdjEnglish_Adj
mechiechab hole.mechiechab(teeth) full of cavities.
smuuchscorpion fish (hardly moves in water).smuuchscorpion fish (hardly moves in water).
silssun; day.bekesils(boys) smell sweaty or gamey (after perspiring in sun).
iudoraiburent-a-car; U-drive car.iudoraiburent-a-car; U-drive car.
kekeuathlete's foot; tinea.kekeuathlete's foot; tinea.
meduumale genitals (large).meduubreadfruit.
rirfallen leaves of kebui.merir(leaves) yellow.

Reng Idioms as Adjectives

There are many Palauan expressions which use a state verb to describe the Palauan word reng which means spirit or heart. These are idioms which mean their literal and figurative meanings are not the same. Typically, but not always, the figurative meaning describes an emotion. An example is kesib a reng, which literally means a sweaty heart but figuratively it means to be angry. Here is a list of seven random examples of these reng idioms:

PalauanEnglish
omeksebek
er
a
: Palauan of omeksebek er a rengul'>
er
a
worry (deliberately).
rengul : Palauan of rengul'> his/her/its heart; spirit; feeling; soul; seat of emotions.
olsebek
er
a
: Palauan of olsebek er a rengul'>
er
a
worry (unintentionally); startle.
milkolk
a
: Palauan of milkolk a rengul'>
a
(person is) stupid.
mengurs
er
a
: Palauan of mengurs er a rengul'>
er
a
attract.
omai
er
a
: Palauan of omai er a rengul'>
er
a
hesitate; be unsure about.
ngelekel
a
: Palauan of ngelekel a rengul'>
a
favorite child.


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