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Palauan Adjectives

The following is a brief discussion about Palauan adjectives. For a longer exploration, please refer to discussions of state verbs in the Joseph Handbooks. According to the official Lewis Joseph grammar book of Palauan, there are no Palauan parts of speech called adjectives. However, Palauan does, of course, have words used to describe other words. In English, we call these words adjectives. Examples of English adjectives are dangerous, beautiful, and hot.

Palauan Resulting State Verbs

In Palauan, words corresponding to English adjectives are called state verbs. There are several types of Palauan state verbs. The most common are resulting state verbs which occur as a result of a verb. Some examples:

Here is a list of seven random Palauan verbs and their resulting state verbs:

chelamech, v.r.s.(betel nut) chewed; (tobacco) smoked.
a
mla
a
a
See also:
delengerenger, v.r.s.(food, money) wasted.
See also:
delobech, v.r.s.(tree) chopped down; (hand; finger; etc.) cut.
See also:
ilasem, v.r.s.tried out; challenged.
a
mla
a
See also:
ulekingar, v.r.s.seated; appointed.
a
a
el
el
mo
a
a
a
el
a
See also:
ultiil, v.r.s.leaned or laid against; lying down.
a
a
er
a
er
a
See also:

 

Palauan Anticipating State Verbs

Anticipating state verbs in Palauan are like resulting state verbs. However, instead of describing the state of something after a verb has modified it, these describe the state of something before a verb is anticipated to modify it. Here's seven random Anticipating State Verbs:

besebesall, v.a.s.(basket, box) is to be tied up.
a
el
a
See also:
isechemall, v.a.s.is to be held or grasped firmly.
a
el
e
el
a
me
a
See also:
kedngiil, v.a.s.is to be tamed.
a
el
el
mo
a
el
mo
See also:
kimtengall, v.a.s.is to be grabbed and thrown down; is to be overpowered.
a
el
See also:
ruoll, v.a.s.is to be made/done/prepared/repaired.
a
el
a
See also:
sbechall, v.a.s.is to be broken open.
See also:
uksecherall, v.a.s.is to be made sick.
a
el
el
a
me
a
le
ng
See also:

 

State Verbs with Related Nouns

In English, a common thing to do is to ask 'how XXXX is something,' where XXXX is an adjective. For example, 'how hot is that,' or 'how dangerous is that,' are common English expressions.

This is true in Palauan as well in a form like, 'ng uangarang a kleldelel,' which translates literally perhaps to something like, 'it is like what, its heat,' or figuratively as, 'how hot is it.' The word kleldelel is a possessed noun meaning 'its heat.' See the nouns page for a longer explanation of possessed nouns.

Many of these Palauan nouns have related state verbs which translate to, and are used as, English adjectives. Here is a list of seven random Palauan nouns along with their corresponding state verbs.

Palauan_NounEngish_NounPalauan_AdjEnglish_Adj
chimhand; arm; front paws (of animal); help; assistance; manual labor; person sent to help.chimempty-handed.
chelechelouldandruff.chelecheloulhaving dandruff.
martilionghammer.martiliongclumsy; ungraceful; untalented; (person) blunt or hard-hitting (in his words).
bausmell; odor; scent.bekebau(cooked meat or fish, cooking pot, etc.) foul-smelling.
idokeldirtiness; filthiness.idokeldirtiness; filthiness.
chadman; person; human being; living being; someone; somebody; anyone; anybody.chadalive; living.
chemadechcoconut sap.chemadech (plant) unripe or green; (food) raw or uncooked; be in full standing position when dancing; brand new.

Reng Idioms as Adjectives

There are many Palauan expressions which use a state verb to describe the Palauan word reng which means spirit or heart. These are idioms which mean their literal and figurative meanings are not the same. Typically, but not always, the figurative meaning describes an emotion. An example is kesib a reng, which literally means a sweaty heart but figuratively it means to be angry. Here is a list of seven random examples of these reng idioms:

PalauanEnglish
melemalt
a
: Palauan of melemalt a rengul'>
a
fair; just; understanding; good-hearted.
rrou
a
: Palauan of rrou a rengul'>
a
suddenly confused or perplexed.
mesubed
a
: Palauan of mesubed a rengul'>
a
accept; be resigned to; learn a lesson; learn from experience.
medul
a
: Palauan of medul a rengul'>
a
disgusted with.
kikiongel
a
: Palauan of kikiongel a rengul'>
a
(person is) obstinate/uncooperative; sullen.
melib
er
a
: Palauan of melib er a rengul'>
er
a
decide; make up one's mind.
bekesbesib
a
: Palauan of bekesbesib a rengul'>
a
prone to sweating; easily angered; touchy.


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