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Palauan Adjectives

The following is a brief discussion about Palauan adjectives. For a longer exploration, please refer to discussions of state verbs in the Joseph Handbooks. According to the official Lewis Joseph grammar book of Palauan, there are no Palauan parts of speech called adjectives. However, Palauan does, of course, have words used to describe other words. In English, we call these words adjectives. Examples of English adjectives are dangerous, beautiful, and hot.

Palauan Resulting State Verbs

In Palauan, words corresponding to English adjectives are called state verbs. There are several types of Palauan state verbs. The most common are resulting state verbs which occur as a result of a verb. Some examples:

Here is a list of seven random Palauan verbs and their resulting state verbs:

blidokl, v.r.s.cast or tossed (e.g. fishnet); thrown underhand (as in softball); thrown out(side); located far from others (as if tossed away).
a
mla
See also:
seleches, v.r.s.pecked at.
a
a
er
a
See also:
telechakl, v.r.s.suspected; accused; under suspicion.
See also:
telotech, v.r.s.seized; grabbed.
See also:
ulengemai, v.r.s.carried; transported.
a
mla
a
el
a
See also:
ulsaker, v.r.s.girded with loincloth; tied around.
a
mla
a
a
See also:
urrael, v.r.s.(animal) led; (boat, car etc.) driven.
a
mla
mla
a
mla
a
See also:

 

Palauan Anticipating State Verbs

Anticipating state verbs in Palauan are like resulting state verbs. However, instead of describing the state of something after a verb has modified it, these describe the state of something before a verb is anticipated to modify it. Here's seven random Anticipating State Verbs:

chechall, v.a.s.(ingredients for betel nut chewing) are to be supplemented with tobacco.
See also:
ngisall, v.a.s.(ongraol) is to be cooked or boiled in water; (tapioca) just ripe for boiling.
a
el
a
er
a
el
See also:
songesongel, v.a.s.(coconut tree) is to be tapped for sap.
See also:
temetamel, v.a.s.(land etc.) is to be cleared.
a
a
el
a
See also:
toechel, v.a.s.(compost) is to be made.
See also:
uksebekall, v.a.s.is to be made to fly.
See also:

 

State Verbs with Related Nouns

In English, a common thing to do is to ask 'how XXXX is something,' where XXXX is an adjective. For example, 'how hot is that,' or 'how dangerous is that,' are common English expressions.

This is true in Palauan as well in a form like, 'ng uangarang a kleldelel,' which translates literally perhaps to something like, 'it is like what, its heat,' or figuratively as, 'how hot is it.' The word kleldelel is a possessed noun meaning 'its heat.' See the nouns page for a longer explanation of possessed nouns.

Many of these Palauan nouns have related state verbs which translate to, and are used as, English adjectives. Here is a list of seven random Palauan nouns along with their corresponding state verbs.

Palauan_NounEngish_NounPalauan_AdjEnglish_Adj
tengolldownward slope; descent.tengollslopping or steep (as seen from above).
kelebusjail, prison.kelebusjailed; in jail; (child, etc.) undergoing punishment.
chelechedsmall sea crab.chelechedsmall sea crab.
bausmell; odor; scent.bekebau(cooked meat or fish, cooking pot, etc.) foul-smelling.
besbastrash; rubbish; litter; debris.mekesbesiil
berechsmell of raw fish.bekeberechsmell of the sea or raw fish.
chaseborash.chasebohaving rash or prickly heat.

Reng Idioms as Adjectives

There are many Palauan expressions which use a state verb to describe the Palauan word reng which means spirit or heart. These are idioms which mean their literal and figurative meanings are not the same. Typically, but not always, the figurative meaning describes an emotion. An example is kesib a reng, which literally means a sweaty heart but figuratively it means to be angry. Here is a list of seven random examples of these reng idioms:

PalauanEnglish
ungial
a
: Palauan of ungial a rengul'>
a
happiness; joy.
melai
er
a
: Palauan of melai er a rengul'>
er
a
persuade.
oltak
er
a
: Palauan of oltak er a rengul'>
er
a
deceive oneself about being someone's sweetheart.
chidirengul : Palauan of chidirengul'> chaidirengul
omerteret
a
: Palauan of omerteret a rengul'>
a
fed up or exasperated with.
kikiongel
a
: Palauan of kikiongel a rengul'>
a
(person is) obstinate/uncooperative; sullen.
omai
er
a
: Palauan of omai er a rengul'>
er
a
hesitate; be unsure about.


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