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Palauan Adjectives

The following is a brief discussion about Palauan adjectives. For a longer exploration, please refer to discussions of state verbs in the Joseph Handbooks. According to the official Lewis Joseph grammar book of Palauan, there are no Palauan parts of speech called adjectives. However, Palauan does, of course, have words used to describe other words. In English, we call these words adjectives. Examples of English adjectives are dangerous, beautiful, and hot.

Palauan Resulting State Verbs

In Palauan, words corresponding to English adjectives are called state verbs. There are several types of Palauan state verbs. The most common are resulting state verbs which occur as a result of a verb. Some examples:

Here is a list of seven random Palauan verbs and their resulting state verbs:

chelamech, v.r.s.(betel nut) chewed; (tobacco) smoked.
a
mla
a
a
See also:
deleb, v.r.s.interrupted; killed.
a
mla
mo
a
a
ng
el
a
See also:
delidui, v.r.s.peeped at; looked for.
See also:
klit, v.r.s.pressed with fingers and massaged; pressed against surface with fingers; softened; (fruit) soft (after hitting ground).
a
mla
a
a
me
ng
See also:
rrisu, v.r.s.washed or rinsed off.
See also:
seluis, v.r.s.(match) struck or lighted.
a
mla
a
er
a
See also:
telecherakl, v.r.s.hooked; hung.
a
er
a
a
See also:

 

Palauan Anticipating State Verbs

Anticipating state verbs in Palauan are like resulting state verbs. However, instead of describing the state of something after a verb has modified it, these describe the state of something before a verb is anticipated to modify it. Here's seven random Anticipating State Verbs:

chesbecheball, v.a.s.(boat) is to have boards of frame put on.
a
el
a
a
See also:
kelidel, v.a.s.is to be warmed or heated up.
a
el
mo
el
el
See also:
keltall, v.a.s.is to be cooled.
See also:
kesadel, v.a.s.is to be decreased or reduced.
See also:
ngebtall, v.a.s.(newborn baby) is to have membrane washed off.
See also:
oimimall, v.a.s.is to be lowered; (boat) is to be moved out to deep water; (food) is to be brought to meteet.
a
el
a
el
mo
er
a
mo
er
a
a
er
See also:
temetamel, v.a.s.(land etc.) is to be cleared.
a
a
el
a
See also:

 

State Verbs with Related Nouns

In English, a common thing to do is to ask 'how XXXX is something,' where XXXX is an adjective. For example, 'how hot is that,' or 'how dangerous is that,' are common English expressions.

This is true in Palauan as well in a form like, 'ng uangarang a kleldelel,' which translates literally perhaps to something like, 'it is like what, its heat,' or figuratively as, 'how hot is it.' The word kleldelel is a possessed noun meaning 'its heat.' See the nouns page for a longer explanation of possessed nouns.

Many of these Palauan nouns have related state verbs which translate to, and are used as, English adjectives. Here is a list of seven random Palauan nouns along with their corresponding state verbs.

Palauan_NounEngish_NounPalauan_AdjEnglish_Adj
diablongdevil.diablongterrible; awful; (person) evil.
semumtrochus.semumtrochus.
tutaumorning; this morning.tutaube morning.
lottapeworm.lottapeworm.
bidokelhives.bidokelhives.
mechasold woman; titled woman; foreign woman; male's father's sisters; girlfriend; wife.mechasget blackened with soot or ink; (pot) get burned or discolored.
chullrain; rainy season.chullrainy.

Reng Idioms as Adjectives

There are many Palauan expressions which use a state verb to describe the Palauan word reng which means spirit or heart. These are idioms which mean their literal and figurative meanings are not the same. Typically, but not always, the figurative meaning describes an emotion. An example is kesib a reng, which literally means a sweaty heart but figuratively it means to be angry. Here is a list of seven random examples of these reng idioms:

PalauanEnglish
diak
a
: Palauan of diak lemesim a rengul'>
a
stick to one's convictions; not change one's mind.
chelimimii
a
: Palauan of chelimimii a rengul'>
a
sullen; obstinate; uncooperative.
klurt
a
: Palauan of klurt a rengul'>
a
(feelings) hurt.
mengurt
a
: Palauan of mengurt a rengul'>
a
hurt (feelings); make (someone) despair.
betik
er
a
: Palauan of betik er a rengul'>
er
a
one's beloved.
olturk
a
: Palauan of olturk a rengul'>
a
satiate; make someone give up (from fatigue); get one's fill of; insult continuously or mercilessly; let someone really have it.
songerenger
a
: Palauan of songerenger a rengul'>
a
have a strong desire for; lust after.