Palauan Adjectives
The following is a brief discussion about Palauan adjectives. For a longer
exploration, please refer to discussions of state verbs in the Joseph Handbooks.
According to the official Lewis Joseph grammar book of Palauan, there are no Palauan
parts of speech called adjectives. However, Palauan does, of course, have words used
to describe other words. In English, we call these words adjectives. Examples of
English adjectives are dangerous, beautiful, and hot.
Palauan Resulting State Verbs
In Palauan, words corresponding to English adjectives are
called state verbs. There are several types of Palauan state verbs. The most common
are resulting state verbs which occur as a result of a verb.
Some examples:
- Someone hides something which results in it being hidden.
- In Palauaun, omart is the verb 'to hide,' and blart is the resulting state verb corresponding to the English adjective hidden.
- Someone heats something which results in it being hot.
- In Palauaun, mengeald is the verb 'to heat,' and mekeald is the resulting state verb corresponding to the English adjective hot.
Here is a list of seven random Palauan verbs and their resulting state verbs:
| chelad | , v.r.s. | (ear) slapped.
|
| dellemakl | , v.r.s. | (post, stick, etc.) driven into ground.
|
| kled | , v.r.s. | (branch) cut or chopped off.
|
| llemolem | , v.r.s. | (long object) laid down lengthwise; (work, schooling, etc.) completed; accomplished; (path, stream, etc.) followed; parallel.
|
| ulchaet | , v.r.s. | (fishing line) provided with leader. |
| ulsechomel | , v.r.s. | hiding in fear; cowering in fear; (bird with) folded wings (due to fear). |
More Examples: |
|
> The boy is hiding in his house because the police are looking for him. |
|
> That bird is cowering with folded wings. |
|
Palauan Anticipating State Verbs
Anticipating state verbs in Palauan are like resulting state verbs. However, instead of describing
the state of something after a verb has modified it, these describe the state of something
before a verb is anticipated to modify it. Here's seven random Anticipating State Verbs:
| bikall | , v.a.s. | is to be raised/outstretched.
|
| esemall | , v.a.s. | is to be tried out/challenged.
|
| ngesoal | , v.a.s. | is to be helped/assisted. |
| okesiaol | , v.a.s. | is to be compared, copied, imitated, made the same, evened out, or mixed through; is to be matched (by other half or part).
|
| sersoll | , v.a.s. | is to be fenced or enclosed. |
| tingechall | , v.a.s. | is to be scraped (taro etc.).
|
| uchelcheball | , v.a.s. | (cooking food) is to be covered with leaf; bag; etc. |
State Verbs with Related Nouns
In English, a common thing to do is to ask 'how XXXX is something,' where XXXX is an
adjective. For example, 'how hot is that,' or 'how dangerous is that,' are common
English expressions.
This is true in Palauan as well in a form like,
'ng uangarang a kleldelel,' which translates literally perhaps to something like,
'it is like what, its heat,' or figuratively as, 'how hot is it.' The word kleldelel
is a possessed noun meaning 'its heat.' See the nouns page for a
longer explanation of possessed nouns.
Many of these Palauan nouns have related state verbs which translate to, and are
used as, English adjectives.
Here is a list of seven random Palauan nouns along with their corresponding state verbs.
| Palauan_Noun | Engish_Noun | Palauan_Adj | English_Adj |
| rubak | elder; old man; chief; foreign man; boyfriend; husband. | bekerubak | smell like an old man. |
| lot | tapeworm. | lot | tapeworm. |
| mongk | complaint; criticism. | bekemongk | always complaining. |
| bau | smell; odor; scent. | bekebau | (cooked meat or fish, cooking pot, etc.) foul-smelling. |
| tutau | morning; this morning. | tutau | be morning. |
| kobengodel | very strong current. | kobengodel | (ocean) having very strong current. |
| ureor | work; job; task. | bekureor | work a lot; hard-working; diligent. |
Reng Idioms as Adjectives
There are many Palauan expressions which use a state verb to describe the Palauan word reng which means spirit or heart.
These are idioms which mean their literal and figurative meanings are not the same. Typically, but not always, the figurative meaning describes an emotion.
An example is kesib a reng, which literally means a sweaty heart but figuratively it means to be angry. Here is a list of seven random examples of
these reng idioms:
| Palauan | English |
| rengul
: Palauan of rengul a kerrekar'>
| center/core of tree. |
| tngeklel
: Palauan of tngeklel a rengul'>
| peace offering for someone. |
| luut
: Palauan of luut er a rengul'>
| anything causing one to lose one's resolve. |
| ngoaol
: Palauan of ngoaol a rengul'>
| confronted with and perplexed by large task or responsibility. |
| chelimimii
: Palauan of chelimimii a rengul'>
| sullen; obstinate; uncooperative. |
| ungil
: Palauan of ungil er a rengul'>
| fine or all right with. |
| mekikngit
: Palauan of mekikngit a rengul'>
| feel rather sad or sorry about; rather mean or inconsiderate. |