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Palauan Adjectives

The following is a brief discussion about Palauan adjectives. For a longer exploration, please refer to discussions of state verbs in the Joseph Handbooks. According to the official Lewis Joseph grammar book of Palauan, there are no Palauan parts of speech called adjectives. However, Palauan does, of course, have words used to describe other words. In English, we call these words adjectives. Examples of English adjectives are dangerous, beautiful, and hot.

Palauan Resulting State Verbs

In Palauan, words corresponding to English adjectives are called state verbs. There are several types of Palauan state verbs. The most common are resulting state verbs which occur as a result of a verb. Some examples:

Here is a list of seven random Palauan verbs and their resulting state verbs:

blouch, v.r.s.split; cracked.
a
le
mla
a
See also:
klaiu, v.r.s.picked with pole; attracted; seduced.
a
mla
a
er
a
See also:
kldibel, v.r.s.(persons) called together or assembled (typically for the purpose of a meeting or sermon).
a
See also:
selang, v.r.s.cut diagonally; held at angle.
a
el
el
le
a
me
ng
See also:
telkool, v.r.s.(person) holding something in open palms.
a
See also:
ulengelt, v.r.s.sunk (into soft ground).
a
mla
er
a
a
a
er
a
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ulturk, v.r.s.argued down; (boat) moored; (eyes) fixed upon or staring at; permission having been asked.
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Palauan Anticipating State Verbs

Anticipating state verbs in Palauan are like resulting state verbs. However, instead of describing the state of something after a verb has modified it, these describe the state of something before a verb is anticipated to modify it. Here's seven random Anticipating State Verbs:

chiudall, v.a.s.is to be twisted or wrung.
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dkoel, v.a.s.is to be supported or propped up.
a
el
a
er
a
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idesall, v.a.s.(fruit) is to be pared or shredded.
a
el
a
a
er
See also:
sbochel, v.a.s.(branches, etc.) are to be broken off.
a
el
el
mei
er
a
a
a
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uketkall, v.a.s.is to be reminded.
a
el
me
lak
a
me
a
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usekerall, v.a.s.is to be girded with loincloth; is to be tied around.
a
el
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State Verbs with Related Nouns

In English, a common thing to do is to ask 'how XXXX is something,' where XXXX is an adjective. For example, 'how hot is that,' or 'how dangerous is that,' are common English expressions.

This is true in Palauan as well in a form like, 'ng uangarang a kleldelel,' which translates literally perhaps to something like, 'it is like what, its heat,' or figuratively as, 'how hot is it.' The word kleldelel is a possessed noun meaning 'its heat.' See the nouns page for a longer explanation of possessed nouns.

Many of these Palauan nouns have related state verbs which translate to, and are used as, English adjectives. Here is a list of seven random Palauan nouns along with their corresponding state verbs.

Palauan_NounEngish_NounPalauan_AdjEnglish_Adj
chudelgrass.chudelgrassy.
chadliver.chedengaolsick with jaundice.
tebekbukrayfish.tebekbukrayfish.
iluodelstones, coconut shells, or similar objects used as support for cooking pot during serving.iluodelstones, coconut shells, or similar objects used as support for cooking pot during serving.
beraomfish kept until slightly spoiled and then wrapped and barbequed.beraom (fish) slightly spoiled.
kobengodelvery strong current.kobengodelvery strong current.
dechudechdirt; mud; patching material; filling (for cavity).dechudech dirty; muddy.

Reng Idioms as Adjectives

There are many Palauan expressions which use a state verb to describe the Palauan word reng which means spirit or heart. These are idioms which mean their literal and figurative meanings are not the same. Typically, but not always, the figurative meaning describes an emotion. An example is kesib a reng, which literally means a sweaty heart but figuratively it means to be angry. Here is a list of seven random examples of these reng idioms:

PalauanEnglish
melamet
er
a
: Palauan of melamet er a rengul'>
er
a
do things as one pleases.
melemlim
a
: Palauan of melemlim a rengul'>
a
Curious, prying, snoopy, inquisitive, nosy.
omsa
a
a
: Palauan of omsa a llechul a rengul'>
a
a
teach (someone) a lesson.
olsarech
er
a
: Palauan of olsarech er a rengul'>
er
a
hold in or control emotions, anger etc.
mechitechut
a
: Palauan of mechitechut a rengul'>
a
weak willed; unmotivated; easily discouraged.
merat
a
: Palauan of merat a rengul'>
a
deeply disappointed or hurt.
klsbengel
a
: Palauan of klsbengel a rengul'>
a
anger.