Palauan Language Online: Palauan Adjectives

Quick links:

• Resulting State Verbs
  
• Anticipating State Verbs
• State Verbs with Related Nouns
  
• Reng Idioms as Adjectives
  

Palauan Adjectives

The following is a brief discussion about Palauan adjectives. For a longer exploration, please refer to discussions of state verbs in the Joseph Handbooks. According to the official Lewis Joseph grammar book of Palauan, there are no Palauan parts of speech called adjectives. However, Palauan does, of course, have words used to describe other words. In English, we call these words adjectives. Examples of English adjectives are dangerous, beautiful, and hot.

Palauan Resulting State Verbs

In Palauan, words corresponding to English adjectives are called state verbs. There are several types of Palauan state verbs. The most common are resulting state verbs which occur as a result of a verb. Some examples:

• Someone hides something which results in it being hidden.
  • In Palauaun, omart is the verb 'to hide,' and blart is the resulting state verb corresponding to the English adjective hidden.
• Someone heats something which results in it being hot.
  • In Palauaun, mengeald is the verb 'to heat,' and mekeald is the resulting state verb corresponding to the English adjective hot.

Here is a list of seven random Palauan verbs and their resulting state verbs:

 

Palauan Anticipating State Verbs

Anticipating state verbs in Palauan are like resulting state verbs. However, instead of describing the state of something after a verb has modified it, these describe the state of something before a verb is anticipated to modify it. Here's seven random Anticipating State Verbs:

 

State Verbs with Related Nouns

In English, a common thing to do is to ask 'how XXXX is something,' where XXXX is an adjective. For example, 'how hot is that,' or 'how dangerous is that,' are common English expressions.

This is true in Palauan as well in a form like, 'ng uangarang a kleldelel,' which translates literally perhaps to something like, 'it is like what, its heat,' or figuratively as, 'how hot is it.' The word kleldelel is a possessed noun meaning 'its heat.' See the nouns page for a longer explanation of possessed nouns.

Many of these Palauan nouns have related state verbs which translate to, and are used as, English adjectives. Here is a list of seven random Palauan nouns along with their corresponding state verbs.

Palauan_Noun	Engish_Noun	Palauan_Adj	English_Adj
chim	hand; arm; front paws (of animal); help; assistance; manual labor; person sent to help.	chim	empty-handed.
kull	cyst; tumor.	kull	having a cyst or tumor.
sils	sun; day.	bekesils	(boys) smell sweaty or gamey (after perspiring in sun).
rikl	bold/violent behavior.	merikl	bold; violent; restless.
semum	trochus.	semum	having deformed fingers or toes.
hambung	half.	hambung	half-witted; simple-minded.
tutk	wart on sole of foot; disease of kebui leaves.	tutk	pointer; pole (for picking fruit).

Reng Idioms as Adjectives

There are many Palauan expressions which use a state verb to describe the Palauan word reng which means spirit or heart. These are idioms which mean their literal and figurative meanings are not the same. Typically, but not always, the figurative meaning describes an emotion. An example is kesib a reng, which literally means a sweaty heart but figuratively it means to be angry. Here is a list of seven random examples of these reng idioms:

Palauan	English
mesmesim a rengul : Palauan of mesmesim a rengul'> mesmesim a rengul	unstable; changing one's mind easily.
ulsarech a rengul : Palauan of ulsarech a rengul'> ulsarech a rengul	(emotions etc.) held in.
mekngit er a rengul : Palauan of mekngit er a rengul'> mekngit er a rengul	not good for; not all right with.
olengasech er a rengul : Palauan of olengasech er a rengul'> olengasech er a rengul	make or get (someone) angry.
mesubed a rengul : Palauan of mesubed a rengul'> mesubed a rengul	accept; be resigned to; learn a lesson; learn from experience.
rengul : Palauan of rengul'> rengul	his/her/its heart; spirit; feeling; soul; seat of emotions.
diak lemesim a rengul : Palauan of diak lemesim a rengul'> diak lemesim a rengul	stick to one's convictions; not change one's mind.

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